insulin resistance

Anatomy & histologyDefinition

Subclinical and low-grade laminitis

A subclinical condition has no recognisable or measurable clinical manifestations. Oddly enough the term ‘subclinical laminitis’ is often being used to describe clearly visible, diagnosable signs of laminitis such as a stretched white line, a flaring hoof wall and laminitic…
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Ten questions about laminitis

Have you always wanted to know whether a wildebeest can become laminitic?Are you tongue-tied when some wise guy asks whether it is true that there are not less than three different kinds of laminitis instead of just one?Did you lose…
Living conditionsTreatment and prevention

Prevention of laminitis

Horses at risk Prevention begins with determining whether your horse belongs to a risk group. In that case, all the following information deserves extra attention. Risk groups: ‚ Welsh, Exmoor, Shetland and New Forest ponies, cobs, Appaloosas and Icelandic horses…
DiagnosisPPID

Diagnosis PPID

To diagnose PPID, veterinarians can perform a clinical examination, take blood tests or use MRI scans. Clinical examination Initially a diagnosis will be made by observing the clinical symptoms. In particular, hypertrichosis gives a clear indication, although hypertrichosis occurs at an…
Theories and causes

Incretins and hyperinsulinemia

In the gastro-intestinal tract, specialized cells secrete incretins after the ingestion of food. Two important incretins are GIP and GLP-1: GIP stands for glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide GLP-1 stands for glucagon-like peptide-1. These incretins are produced in the small intestine shortly after the…