glucose

Theories and causes

Incretins and hyperinsulinemia

In the gastro-intestinal tract, specialized cells secrete incretins after the ingestion of food. Two important incretins are GIP and GLP-1: GIP stands for glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide GLP-1 stands for glucagon-like peptide-1. These incretins are produced in the small intestine shortly after the…